Democracy – Meaning, Features and Exam Application | A/L Political Science

 

📘 Democracy – Introduction

Democracy is one of the most important political concepts studied in
G.C.E. A/L Political Science.
It refers to a system of government in which political power ultimately
belongs to the people.

In modern political theory, democracy is not only about elections,
but also about rights, participation, accountability, and rule of law.

📖 Meaning of Democracy

The word Democracy is derived from the Greek words:

• Demos – People

• Kratos – Power / Rule

👉 Therefore, democracy literally means “rule by the people.”

In simple terms, democracy is a system where:

• Citizens participate in decision-making

• Government is responsible to the people

• Political power is exercised according to law

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🧠 ஜனநாயகத்தின் அர்த்தம் (Tamil Explanation)

ஜனநாயகம் என்பது மக்கள் அரசியல் அதிகாரத்தை
நேரடியாக அல்லது பிரதிநிதிகளின் மூலம் பயன்படுத்தும்
ஆட்சிமுறை ஆகும்.

இதில்:

• மக்கள் இறுதி அதிகாரம் கொண்டவர்கள்

• அரசாங்கம் மக்களுக்கு பொறுப்புடையதாக இருக்கும்

• சட்டத்தின் ஆட்சி (Rule of Law) முக்கியம்

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⭐ Key Features of Democracy

The main features of democracy include:

1. Popular Sovereignty
   Ultimate power lies with the people.

2. Free and Fair Elections
   Leaders are chosen through regular elections.

3. Rule of Law
   All individuals are equal before the law.

4. Fundamental Rights
   Freedom of speech, expression, and association are protected.

5. Accountable Government
   Rulers are responsible to the people. 

📝 Democracy in A/L Examinations

Democracy is commonly asked in:

• 10-mark questions – definition + features

• 20-mark questions – meaning, features, merits, criticisms

Students should be able to:

• Define democracy clearly

• Explain features with examples

• Apply the concept to Sri Lanka or modern states

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🔍 Conclusion

Democracy remains one of the most widely accepted forms of government
in the modern world.
Although it has limitations, it provides a framework for
participation, freedom, and accountability.

For A/L students, understanding democracy is essential not only for
examinations but also for understanding contemporary political systems.

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🔗 Related Topics

• Governance

• Constitution

• Fundamental Rights